Nonsurgical Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty is a safe and highly effective treatment for pain resulting from spinal fractures caused by osteoporosis or bone tumors.
Vertebrae are the bones that join together to make up the spinal column. A compression fracture of a vertebra means that the bone has collapsed or is crushed. Compression fractures are the result of bone that has been weakened, most commonly by osteoporosis and in rare cases, by cancers, benign tumors, or trauma. In some cases, the fracture heals without treatment and the pain goes away. In others, the bone does not stabilize and continues to move, causing persistent pain. For many patients, this pain severely limits their activities and reduces the quality of their lives.
Osteoporosis, or porous bone, is a disease characterized by low bone mass and structural deterioration of bone tissue, leading to bone fragility and an increased susceptibility to fractures of the hip, spine and wrist. Osteoporosis affects more than 10 million people in the United States; around 80 percent are women and most are over age 50, according to the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF). Osteoporosis is often called the "silent disease" because bone loss occurs without symptoms. People may not know that they have osteoporosis until their bones become so weak that a sudden strain, bump or fall causes a fracture or a vertebra to collapse.
Collapsed vertebrae may initially be felt or seen in the form of severe back pain, loss of height, or spinal deformities such as kyphosis or stooped posture. The pain and loss of movement that often accompanies bone fractures of the spine are perhaps the most feared and debilitating side effects of osteoporosis.
What is the Current Treatment Method for Vertebral Compression Fractures?
Historically, patients with compression fractures were treated with strong pain medications, prolonged bed-rest, external bracing, or invasive spine surgery. These treatments are limited by long recovery times and disruption of daily life.
Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty is an alternative option to failed conservative treatment. Percutaneous Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty is a relatively new, minimally-invasive procedure performed by interventional radiologists. A percutaneous procedure refers to one done through a small incision in the skin. Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty is an interventional technique to strengthen and repair the weakened bone of the vertebrae.
Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty has been shown to:
- Significantly reduce or eliminate pain in up to 90% of patients
- Prevent old compression fractures from further collapse
- Reduce spinal deformity
- Stop the "downward spiral" of untreated osteoporosis
- Provide the patient with an early return to daily activities
- Be cost effective
Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty is for Patients with Vertebral Compression Fractures caused by:
- Primary Osteoporosis
- Secondary Osteoporosis
- Vertebral fracture due to benign and malignant tumors
- Fractures occurring in patients that take high doses of steroids
Benefits of Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty:
- Minimally invasive; performed using x-ray guidance
- Reduction or elimination of general anesthesia
- Elimination of complications that may result from open surgery
- Outpatient procedure, typically no overnight hospitalization required
- Procedure lasts from 1-2 hours
- Rapid recovery time
- Immediate pain relief or pain relief within 48 hours
Are you a Good Candidate for Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty?:
- Do you suffer from chronic back pain due to vertebral compression fractures and is your fracture less than one year old?
- Do you suffer from a metabolic disorder?
- Have you been treated with steroid therapy over a long period of time?
You are considered a good candidate for vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty if you can answer yes to any of these questions. Note: Vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty is not appropriate for treating pain associated with arthritis, herniated discs or degenerative disc disease.
Before the Procedure
Your medical evaluation will include a physical exam. Diagnostic tests such as x-rays, MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and bone scans will be reviewed to pinpoint the location of the fractured vertebrae and determine if this procedure is appropriate for you. Your doctor will determine if your case will be performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia and sedation.
During the Procedure
Vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty requires that you lie on your stomach throughout the entire procedure. The area to be treated will be numbed by a local anesthetic. A small nick is then made in the skin, and a needle is inserted. A biocompatible material will be injected through the needle and into the vertebral body (Figure 1).
In a kyphohplasty (Figure 2),a balloon is first inserted through the needle into the fractured bone to create a cavity or space where the biocompatible material is injected into. The needle is removed and the biomaterial is allowed to harden. The small opening is covered with a bandage. This procedure can take from 1-2 hours, about a half-hour for each treated vertebra.
After the Procedure
You will be required to lie flat for the one to two hours after the procedure and will need 24 hours of bed rest at home. The rest period allows the biomaterial to fully set. Some patients experience immediate pain relief after vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty. Most report that their pain is gone or diminished within 48 hours. You might experience some discomfort or bruising where the needle was inserted.
What are the Risks of Vertebroplasty/Kyphoplasty?
Vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty is a very safe procedure that involves some risks. Complications are rare, but these should be discussed with your doctor. As with any medical procedure, the possibility of complications will hinge on the individual patient. For example, patients with tumors or with other serious medical conditions may be at a higher risk for complications from vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty than those without.
Scheduling a Consultation
Patients may schedule a consultation to speak with an Interventional Radiologist about this procedure. Any studies, such as an x-ray, CT or MRI, which have been previously performed should be brought to the appointment if possible. During the appointment, the procedure and any necessary pre-procedure imaging studies can be scheduled.
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